The stats don’t lie: entrenched racism still exists

headspace CEO Christ Tanti

We like to think that the bleak days of overt racism in Australia are long behind us. The time when Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders were forced to live in separate areas, and weren’t even counted as people in the national census until 1967, is not so far in the past, but at least it is well and truly over.

Anyone feeling comfortable about this would probably have had their complacency shaken by an extensive survey of Indigenous Australians released last week, which revealed almost every respondent had been subjected to some kind of racism.

The survey, conducted by VicHealth, Lowitja Institute, University of Melbourne and our friends at beyondblue, showed 97 per cent had been targets of verbal or physical abuse in the past year. Seven in 10 had been targets of eight or more racist incidents during the past year.

Clearly, the days of systemic racism are not that far behind us at all. In fact, let’s be clear, they’re not entirely over.

The picture the survey paints of the relentless discrimination encountered by our Indigenous countrymen and women is extremely confronting, and also provides us with a real insight into link between racism and mental illness.

Half the respondents to the Victorian survey reported high or very high psychological distress. Unsurprisingly, those people who had experienced more incidents of racism were more likely to score highly on the Kessler scale for psychological distress.

We don’t know how many of the survey respondents were aged between 12 and 25. But we do know that the broader implications of racism and allied forms of discrimination are felt acutely among young Indigenous Australians, who often feel the direct effects and consequences of racial discrimination – in the form of intergenerational poverty, ill health, unemployment and family breakdown.

At headspace, as a unique mainstream youth mental health and wellbeing initiative, we have a responsibility to our Indigenous youth, and there is no argument that we need to do more to engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people and their families in our services.

We know we are at the front line of the battle to improve the mental health and wellbeing of young Indigenous people. We’re looking at innovative ways that our online and telephone counselling service eheadspace can be more accessible to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth who are not only geographically isolated but who are perhaps socially isolated in urban cities and towns (census data shows more Indigenous Australians live in Sydney than anywhere else).

Our challenge is to ensure that we are not inadvertently placing barriers to access, and that our centres develop appropriate strategies so that Indigenous youth feel comfortable turning up to one of our centres.

I do think we are making a difference as we see greater numbers of Indigenous young people access headspace services but we know we have still a way to go. But this survey shows things will only get substantially better when Indigenous Australians as a whole get some permanent respite from the corrosive impact of discrimination that, sadly, still exists in our community.

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Let someone know you have their back

blog post from headspace CEO Chris Tanti

It is one of the most iconic images in Australian sporting history – the moment John Landy stopped during the 1500 metre final at the MCG at the 1956 National Championships to help fellow runner Ron Clarke, who had been tripped and lay sprawled on the track. That act of selflessness is immortalised in bronze and the statue stands in the sporting precinct on Swan Street in Melbourne.

It’s history now that Landy went on to win the race. But the spontaneous gesture of helping someone in need, despite the younger Clarke being an emerging rival to Landy, is an act that still resonates strongly 56 years later.

I have drawn on that image to illustrate the impact helping someone can have. One of our newest headspace ambassadors, Ash London, talks about this in the powerful video we produced with her for mental health week. Ash is candid when she speaks of a close friend with depression who needed her help. I was taken with the self-effacing manner in which she describes the personal sacrifices she was willing to make to ensure her friend was ok.

It’s obvious Ash had her friend’s back. For her this is just what friends do.

But for many of us simply asking a friend or a family member if they’re doing ok can either be quite daunting or we feel we’re invading their privacy. And often people don’t know what the signs are that something could be wrong.

Some signs that suggest a young person might be experiencing problems include new, noticeable and persistent changes that last at least a few weeks and obvious and persistent changes in behaviour, feelings and the way they think.

Behaviour change could look like changes in appetite, sleep patterns, increased use of drugs or alcohol, avoiding school/work, poor motivation or withdrawal from people. And a young person may be experiencing long bouts of unhappiness, depression, irritability, fear, anger and loss of pleasure in things they once enjoyed.

It sounds like a lot of things to keep an eye on. But a bit of advice I always give to people, especially parents, when they ask what are the signs that something is not right is to always trust your instinct. More often than not you will know when something is really different.

As a parent I also know that talking to your son or daughter about their feelings, relationships and other issues can be tricky and can feel like a space neither of you want to be in. But there are ways you can start a conversation without your child looking at you like you’re from another planet (well, I can’t guarantee that they won’t still do that, but it’s worth a try).

If you think your child is having difficulties at school or with their peer group, it’s important you let them know you understand some of the pressures. You were once young too and they may be surprised to hear that you also faced challenges. Be open to discussing any issue, no matter how sensitive, but help them find their own answers. Don’t pretend to be the expert and have all the answers for them.

Whilst they may not say it to your face, most young people will appreciate the fact you took the time to listen to them and are supporting them to be confident and true to themselves. They need to know it’s ok for them to talk to people other than yourself about these issues – talking is the crucial thing.

This kind of caring and supportive approach is also something friends can adopt.

And while all this may sound daunting, letting your loved one know you’re in their corner is one of the best things you can do.

So check to see how your friend or family member is doing. It could be a quick phone call, a text, over a coffee or a walk around the block.

Sometimes you might just need to stop and pick someone up off the ground and help them back onto their feet.

For more information and support visit http://www.headspace.org.au

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French parents; cruel or visionary?

I think most of us remember a time when we were kids where all we wanted was to be in control of our lives. And, if we don’t we’ve probably got kids who are now repeating the cycle.

Given my age, I’m old enough to now have a distant memory of how frustrating it was to be controlled by parents who knew best. Now I’m on the receiving end of the anger and frustration of my own kids, who have very firm ideas about what they want and when they want it!

It goes something like this: “Dad, why do I have to do what you say?” Or “I only want pasta. I won’t eat vegetables”. Or “All my friends play 4 hours of Minecraft before school. Why can I only play it on weekends?”

To parents everywhere, it’s all very familiar – particularly if the question is asked more than ten times within the hour and then at least 5 times in each subsequent hour of remaining daylight.

Some things will always be the case. But there’s a lot of talk at the moment about whether today’s young people have grown up in an environment where they have been given more control and less structure than previous generations. This in turn gives them a heightened level of expectation that they are actually going to get their way.

Commentators say parents have started chasing the approval of their kids, haven’t said ‘no’ enough and now are reaping what they have sown: kids who think they will always get their way and, later, young adults who still live at home, don’t know how to iron their shirts, and drink all their parents’ alcohol.

Mia Freedman had an interesting piece in the paper a few weeks’ ago. She sees the issue as more than just a parenting one – the community as a whole has become too affluent, comfortable and consequently has become obsessed with #firstworldproblems (as they say on Twitter).

She tells a story about a friend whose husband doesn’t want to take their kids on a European holiday because the kids might be bored in the car. Freedman also relates how her own children now won’t go on a 10-minute car ride to the shops without snacks and drinks: a story to which I can unhappily relate to!

In the US, concern about this phenomenon has spawned a plethora of new books with titles like “The Price of Privilege”, “The Narcissism Epidemic,” and “A Nation of Wimps”.

I’m always conscious that in these kinds of debates, the voice of young people can recede into the background and stereotypes come to the fore. I think about all the outstanding, switched-on, compassionate, strong young people I come across in this job and it makes me extremely hopeful for the future. These are all kids raised in this so-called era of narcissism.

But it’s my job to ensure that we’re properly examining social changes, to ensure our centres are best equipped to support them. It worries me that new research conducted by sociologists at Boston College shows that incoming students are more worried “about how they will handle the logistics of everyday life” than how they will navigate the complex world of higher education.

It makes me think about all the times I’ve avoided teaching my kids how to perform household tasks because it’s simply easier for me to do it. Ultimately, we’re not doing our kids any favours by being what some people call “bulldozer parents”, who try to clear obstacles, hardship and toil from our children’s paths. That doesn’t prepare them well for life.

It seems to me that life is just a series of traffic lights, telling us to ‘go’, ‘stop’ or ‘be cautious’. In a world that is full of advice from a multitude of ‘experts’ – none of whom are short of an opinion – how do we reassure ourselves that we are on the right track; that the traffic light is telling us the right thing?

Ben Hart, the Public Affairs Manager for headspace recently put me on to an article in the New Yorker which, like Mia Freedman’s, examined the issue of permissive parenting (some of its content forms the basis for this blog – I recommend having a read).

At a swimming lesson with the kids I was sitting next to a guy from Germany who too was dealing with the emotional turmoil of his children being taught how to swim. We both noticed, in between my reading of the New Yorker, each other’s children struggling.

We got talking about parenting and the challenges. I mentioned the article and the author’s contention that the French are much better than the Americans at child rearing as French parents think that an important step in child development is learning to cope with the word ‘no’.

He had a different take on the issue and said that the French are largely negligent parents and that’s not healthy either.  “Who are they trying to kid? The French have others look after their children and completely ignore them for their entire lives!” It was extreme view but nonetheless an interesting perspective.

The point I think is that, just as parenting is no simple task, equally there are no simple answers (like “be more French in your parenting” for instance).

We do what we can to ensure that our children are resilient and have the skills they need to head out into the world as confident, capable adults; to be able to cope with disappointment and sadness. This requires more work that just saying no, or, at the other end of the spectrum, alternating between distracting them and appeasing them.

It’s up to all of us to find that balance.

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